The International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) latest review of Bahrain points out that the size of the financial sector remains a key structural vulnerability of the banking sector. Stress tests indicate that the large wholesale segment is resilient to credit shocks, but there are pockets of vulnerabilities in the retail segment, particularly in Islamic banks because of their concentrated exposures to local and regional real estate. Risks in vulnerable banks could be ameliorated by the buildup of additional capital cushions through earnings retention. Planned adoption of the Basel III capital and liquidity frameworks, the designation of domestically systemically-important financial institutions, and moving the existing deposit insurance scheme to a pre-funded system should be considered.